Range in Math

Range in Math

Interval (also known as range)
The range is the distinction between the maximum and minimum value in the set of the data
Steps to find the Range:
Step1: First order the data from smallest to greatest (ascending order).
Step2: Subtract the smallest value from the largest value in the set.
Example 1:
The Jaeger family drove through 5 Midwestern states on their summer vacation. Gasoline prices varied from state to state. What is the range of gasoline prices?
35,79, $8
Solution:
Step 1: writing in ascending order: 3,5, 7,8, $9. This could also help us on figuring out percentages
Step 2: Range = 9−3= $6
Range is $6

Help with inverse of matrix

Introduction for inverse of matrix:
The inverse matrix method are formed on the basis like X=A-1B which is formed for finding the matrix X with the equation AX = B It is used in solving the linear system of equations. Here A-1 is the inverse matrix representation. If we have to find the inverse of the 3 x 3 matrix, which uses 2 x 2 matrix for finding the determinant value for the 3 x 3 matrix.

If we have to find the inverse of the 4 x 4 matrix, which uses 2 x 2 matrix and 3 x 3 matrix for finding the determinant value for the 4 x 4 matrix. This could also help us on harcourt math book.

Help with proportions and ratios

Proportions and Ratios
The ratio 50/15 may be simplified and written as 10/3.
50/15=10/3
An equation that state that the two ratios are equal is called a proportion. The preceding proportions may also be written in the form 50:15=10:3.
Percentage:
A percentage is a way of expressing number as a fraction of 100 (per cent meaning "per hundred"). This could also help us on inverse tangent calculator
Ratios:
The ration of two numbers p and q(q≠0) is the quotient of the numbers. The numbers p and q referred to as the terms of the ratio.

Help with Composite Number

Introduction to composite number:
In this section let me help you on what is composite number? A composite number is a positive integer which has a positive divisor other than one or itself. In other word, if n > 0 is an integer and there are integers 1 < n =" a" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/composite">composite number.

The numbers one is a unit – it is neither prime nor composite. For example, the integers 14 is a composite number because it can be factored as 2 × 7. Likewise, the integer 2 and 3 are not composite numbers because each of them can only be divided by one and itself. This could also help us on direct variation

Help with composite number

Introduction to composite number:
There are different type of numbers and here we need to fiind what are the composite numbers between 1-100, before seeing that let us learn what is composite numbers and the different
types of numbers.

The following are the types of numbers:

• Natural Numbers
• Whole Numbers Integers
• Rational Numbers
• Real Numbers
• Odd numbers
• Prime numbers
• composite numbers

Composite numbers are which can be divide by more than 1 number except 1 and the number itself. This could also help us on how to do long division. The numbers which has more than two factors( 1 and the number itself) is called composite number

Help with simple algebra

Today let me help you on simple algebra. :et me explain this to you with the help of following example

Find algebra word problems on solving equations.

Question: Which of the following equation have x=2, y=3 as solution ?
(a) 8x-y = 12 (b) 2x+3y = 10

Answer: (a) Substitute x=2, y=3 in 8x-y=12
8(2)-3=12
16-3=12

x=2, y=3 is not a solution of 8x-y=12
(b) Substitute x=2, y=3 in 2x+3y=10. This could also help us on horizontal line test
2(2)+3(3)=10
4+9=10

x=2, y=3 is not a solution of 2x+3y=10.

Composition of Functions

Introduction for composition and invertible function:

In this article let me help you on composition of functions. An invertible functions for ƒ is a function from B to A, with the property that a round trip (a composition) from A to B to A returns each element of the first set to itself. A functions ƒ that has an inverse is called invertible; the inverse function is then uniquely determined by ƒ and is denoted by ƒ⁻¹. Function composition is the applications of one function to the results of another. For instance, the functions f: X → Y and g: YZcomprised by computing the output of g when it has an argument of f(x) instead of x

Q. Composition of a function as : h(x)= x2+2x-3. determine dom of f, dom of gand dom of h. This could also help us on intermediate algebra help

Answer 1

Composition is the operation of taking the output from one function and using that as the input to a second function. this site!

How to find percentage of a number?

Today let me try to help you on how to find percentage of a number. Since we have studied all about percentage let me give you an example to help you on this better. Keep reading if you still have any doubts do leave your comments.

Here is an illustration to show how to find percentage of a number.

Example : Calculate 25% of 70

Solution :

Given Number has to be written as,

25  x 70
100

or it can be simplified as

 1  x 70
4

 70   This could also help us on transformations math
4

= 1.75

algebra calculator

Introduction of free online algebra calculators:

Algebra Calculator is the part of mathematics which always deals with the study of operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Algebra includes variables, constants, polynomials, exponents, terms and expressions. Basic operation of algebra is to balance the expression on both sides. This article free online algebra calculator briefly tells you the operations of algebra with various examples.
Examples of Free Online Algebra Calculators:

For free online algebra calculators consider the following examples.

Ex 1: Simplify the expression:

10(a-5) + 7b-4(2a -3b+5) +15

Sol : = (10a-15) + 7b-4(2a -3b+5) +15.

= 10a-15 + 7b -8a+12b-20+15.

= 10a-8a+7b+12b-15-20+15. This could also help us on factors of 25

= 2a+19b-20.

fractional notation calculator

Fractions :

In This section let me help you on fractional notation calculator

A certain part of the whole is called as fractions. The fractions can be denoted as a/b , Where a, b are integers. We can multiply two or more fractions. There are three types of fractions in math,

1) Proper fractions

2) Improper fractions

3) Mixed fractions. This could help us on complex fractions calculator

Online math help

Introduction to Online Math Help Division:
In this article let me help you on online math help. Many online websites are available today. In those websites, the quotient can be obtained by dividing two numbers explained step by step briefly about the topic for lower grade students to understand clearly. Division is said to be dividing anything into parts. The operation that determines how many times a quantity contained in another called as inverse of multiplication. The result of division is called as quotient.

This could also help you on online algebra 1 help. In division a ÷ b is c. Here “a” is dividend and “b” is divisor and “c” is called as quotient. Let us see about online math help division in this article.

Calculus Problem Help

Introduction to calculus problem help:-

In this lesson lets study about calculus problems online. Before i teach you on calculus issue let me help you what is calculus and how does it importance to arithmetic.

What is calculus?
Calculus (Latin, calculus, a tiny stone used for counting) is a branch in arithmetic focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and boundless series. This subject constitutes a major part of modern arithmetic schooling.

Example issue on calculus:

Query: Differentiate the given equation with respect to t. y = - 2t3 + 8t2 + 46t.

Solution:
Given: y = - 2t3 + 8t2 + 46t.
Differentiate with respect to t,
dy = - (2 × 3)t(3 - 1) dt + (8 × 2)t(2 - 1) dt + 46t(1 - 1) dt.

= - 6t2 dt + 16t dt + 46 dt.

= (- 6t2 + 16t + 46) dt.

dy / dt = - 6t2 + 16t + 46. This could also help us on calculus problem solver

Answer:
d/dt(- 2t3 + 8t2 + 46t) = - 6t2 + 16t + 46.

Arithmetic progression

Introduction to Arithmetic progression:

In this article, we shall discuss about arithmetic progression. Progressions are of two types .They are arithmetic and geometric progression. An Arithmetic progression which consists of the sequence of numbers and the terms except the first can be obtained by adding one number to its preceding number. Arithmetic progression is denoted as the arrangement of two consecutive numbers, the progression which is constant.

Example Problems for Arithmetic Progression

Example 1:

The sequence terms of an A.P. 6, 1, –4...Find the 10th term.

Solution:

Consider the A.P in the form a, a + d, a + 2d, ...

Here, a = 6, d = 1 – 6 = –5, n = 12

tn = a + (n–1) d. This could also help us on grade 9 math

t10 = 6 + (10 – 1) (–5) = 6 + 9 x (–5) = 6 – 45 = – 39
:.The 12th term is –39.

corresponding angles

Introduction to corresponding angles
In this section let me help you on corresponding angles, an angle (in full, plane angle) is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.[ The magnitude of the angle is the "amount of rotation" that separates the two rays, and can be measured by considering the length of circular arc swept out when one ray is rotated about the vertex to coincide with the other (see "Measuring angles", below). Where there is no possibility of confusion, the term "angle" is used interchangeably for both the geometric configuration itself and for its angular magnitude. Now let us see about the corresponding angles

Corresponding Angle Sum
Corresponding angle Example:What are the measures of the other angles in the diagram? Suppose that angle1 has a measure of 60º

Answer:
Angle 8 is also 60º since it is vertical to angle 1. This could also help us on Prime factorization Calculator.
Angle 2 has a measure of the 60º since it is a corresponding angle 3to angle 1.

Angle 5 has a measure of 60º since it is vertical with angle 2, and also since it is an alternate exciter angles to angle 1.

Another angle is all corresponding angles 1, 2, 5, and 8 have a measure angles are 120º.

Introduction to obtuse triangles

Introduction to obtuse triangles:

There are three types of triangles ( based on size of angles ), namely

* Acute angled triangles ( triangles with angles measuring less than 90 degrees)
* Right angled triangles ( triangles with one angle measuring exactly 90 degrees) and
* Obtuse angled triangles ( triangles with one angle measuring more than 90 degrees)

Obtuse triangle is also called obtuse angled triangle. Unlike acute triangles, where there can be three acute angles in a triangle, an obtuse triangle can have only one obtuse angle.

Obtuse Angle

Before going deeper, we need to know what an obtuse angle is. Obtuse angle is an angle that measures more than 90 degrees. This could also help us on mole fractionThis is an obtuse angle. Here angle ‘a’ is the obtuse angle.

Help on Expression Calculator

Introduction:

Today let me help you understand on expression calculator. Expressions are defined as finite combination of numbers and symbols that are well performed according to rules. Expressions are considered to be the major part of algebra. Algebra consists of numbers and variables. Algebraic expressions consist of finite combination of numbers and variables.In this article, we are going to see about solving expressions calculator.

Solving Expressions Calculator:

Solving expressions calculator is used to find the value for the given expression. Solving expressions calculator are very helpful for the students who lacks in arithmetic operations. Using these calculators, hard problems can be solved easily. When the given expression is entered in the calculator, it automatically delivers the output.The diagrammatic representation of the solving expressions calculator is shown below. This could also help us on cubic yard calculator.

Solving Expressions Calculator: -

Example:

Simplify 25x – 17x, by combining like terms.

Solution:

Here the like terms are x,

= 25x – 17x

Taking common terms outside,

= x (25-17)

= 8x

The answer is 8x.

Introduction to Alphabet of lines

Introduction to Alphabet of lines

In this leasson let me help you on alphabet of lines. In order to understand what the line is trying get across, you must be able to understand the symbols. The standard thickness of the line is 0.030 to 0.038 inches. The standard thin line weight varies from 0.015 to 0.022 inches.

Main Types of Lines

There are 09 types in lines. They are,

1) Visible Lines: The visible lines should be dark heavy and dark lines. It shows the outline and shape of the object. It defines you can see in particular view.

2) Hidden lines: The hidden lines should be light, narrow, short and dashed lines. It shows the outline of a feature that cannot see in particular view. It used to help Clarify feature.

3) Section lines: Thin line usually drawn at 45 degrees angle and it indicates the material that has been cut through in sectional view. This will also help us on net ionic equation calculator

4) Center Lines: The center lines are nothing but thin line consisting of long and short distances. It shows the center of holes, slots, paths of rotation and symmetrical objects.

5) Dimension lines: In alphabet of lines the dimension lines is nothing but lines dark and heavy lines. It shows the length , width , and height of the features of an object. It terminated with arrow heads

6) Extension lines: In alphabet of lines extension lines used to show the starting and stopping points of a dimension and it must have at least a 1/16 space between the object and the extension line.

7) Leader lines: In alphabet of lines leader lines should be thin lines and used to show the dimension or a note that is too large to be placed beside the feature .

8) Cutting plane lines: In alphabet of lines cutting plane lines is thick broken line that is terminated with short 90 degree arrow heads.

9) Break lines: In alphabet of lines break lines is used to break out sections for clarity or for shortening a part.

What does arithmetic mean?

In this section let me help you on what is arithmetic mean.

Definition for Arithmetic mean:

In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean (or simply the mean) of a list of numbers is the sum of all of the list divided by the number of items in the list. If the list is a statistical population, then the mean of that population is called a population mean.

Steps to Find out the Mean:

1. Add all the numbers (on a scratch piece of paper if needed.)

2. After we have added the numbers correctly, count how many numbers there are

(for example: 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 there are 5 numbers, right.)

3. Now divide the integer of how many of the numbers you have by the sum

(For example: 20(sum) divided by 5,(how many of the numbers) the answer would by 4). This can also help us on homework now

Formulas for Arithmetic Mean

Grouped Data Arithmetic Mean Definition:

Data arising from organizing n observed values into a smaller number of disjoint groups of values, and counting the frequency of each group; often presented as a frequency table.

Formula:

Grouped Data Arithmetic Mean :

Arithmetic Mean = ΣfX / Σf

where

X = Individual score

f = Frequency

Balancing Equation Calculator

Introduction on learning how to balance equations:-

In this section let me help you on balancing equation calculator. Learn how to balance equations is the first step into learning chemical equations in chemistry. This is because each and every equation you come across while studying chemistry is and should be written in the balanced form. An unbalanced equation doesn't imply any meaning similarly as a sentence without a verb has no meaning. Thus, learn how to balance equations is an important step in chemistry.

This will also help us on numeral most commonly Chemical equations need to be balanced in order to uphold the most fundamental rule of science – the Law of conservation of matter. The total number of atoms of each element that takes part in a chemical reaction should be equal on the side of the reactants and products in the chemical equation.

Help on Linear Equation

Linear Equations

A set of linear equations having a regula solution set is called system of coincidents linear equations.Find values of three unknowns, given three linear equations in the three unknown variables. Linear equation in three unknowns x, y, z is report of parity of form ax + by + cz + d = 0 where a, b, c, d are real numbers with a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 and c ≠ 0.

Solve two equations in x, y

* Two equations are given.

* Removing y variable.This can also help us on system of linear equation

* Substitute value of x in any one of two equations

* Solve them in the usual way.

* Thus the values of x and y are obtained.

Fraction Problems

In this section let me explain on fraction problems. Before i go more deeper on that let me explain what are the kinds of fraction.



I hope you might have come to an conclusion with the kind of fraction about what is all about fraction.


In this section let me also help you on how do you multiply fractions.


A fraction is a number that can represent part of a whole. The earliest fractions were reciprocals of integers: ancient symbols representing one part of two, one part of three, one part of four, and so on.

Examples on Probability

We have studied enough about what is probability and it's importance towards mathematics. Now i am going to help you probability examples with the solutions.

Questions on Probability.

Here is some Statistics and Probability Question Answers , which will explain how to find the mean , median and mode for the series of numbers

Question:1 The median of prime numbers between 51 and 80.

Answer: 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79

Median = Middle-most score

Median = 67

Question:2 The mean of 31 results is 60. If the mean of the first 16 results is 58 and that of the last 16 results is 62, find the 16th result. This will also help us on types of lines

Answer: The sum of 31 results = 60 x 31 = 1860

The sum of first 16 results = 58 x 16 = 928

The sum of second 16 results = 62 x 16 = 992

:.16th result = (928 + 992) - 1860 = 60

16th result = 60

Solving Multi Step Equations

Introduction to solving Multi Step Equations.

If two expressions are in equal, then it is called as an equation. When we add, subtract, multiply or divide the similar number on both sides of the equation, the equation does not change. More than two steps are used to solve the equation is called as multi step equation. Now, we are going to see some of the problems on solving multi step equations.

Solving Multi Step Equations Problems:

Example Problems

Solve for the variable y: -20 = 3 (2 y + 8) + 4

Solution

-20 = 3 (2y + 8) + 4

Eliminate the parentheses,

-20 = 3 (2 y) + 3 (8) + 4

-20 = 6 y + 24 + 4

-20 = 6y + 28

Subtract 28 on both sides of the equation

-20 - 28 = 6 y + 28 – 28

-48 = 6 y

Divide by 6 on both sides of the equation

-8 = y

So, the answer is y = -8.I

Example on Decimal Number

Introduction

A decimal number consists of two parts: - a whole number and a decimal number. That is, we can write a decimal number as a combination of a whole number part and a decimal number part. For example; 2.34 can be written as 2 +. 34

The whole number part includes 2 and the decimal part includes 3 tenths and 4 hundredths.

Example on Decimal Number

Following are the few example on decimal number.

1. Write the decimal number 13. 4 in words

Solution

Step 1: Write the number on left of the decimal point as a whole number, 13= Thirteen

Step 2: We use the word “and” to denote the decimal number, the decimal point,”.” is written as “and”

Step 3: Write the number on the right side of the decimal point as a whole number, 4= four

Step 4: We write the place value of the last digit (the digit at the right end of the decimal part), the place value of the last digit 4 is tenths

Hence we can write, 13. 4 = Thirteen and four tenths

1. Write the number, 256. 007

Solution

Following the steps to write the decimal numbers in words, we get

256. 007 = Two hundred fifty six and seven thousandths.

Note on Multiplying Exponents in Math

In this lesson let me help you go through on multiplying exponents in math. I hope you will enjoy reading this and do practice this at home. so that you become quite familiear to all the sollution.
Introduction:
In math, exponents are used to indicate repeated multiplying the same number. Dealing with positive and negative exponents and simplifying expressions dealing with them is simply a matter of remembering what the definition of an exponent is.

• A positive exponent means repeated multiplying.
• A negative exponent means the opposite of repeated multiplying, which is repeated division

Multiplying Exponents
Exponents or Indices are used to tell how many times a factor must be multiplied by itself. The factor may be a number (constant) or a variable. Consider 9². The factor is 9 and is called as the base and the exponent or the index is 2. It means 9 must be multiplied 2 times 9 × 9.
We can also multiply the factors in exponential notation.Multiplication of variables or constants with exponents is simple and the process is the same for both numbers and variables. For example,
(2²)(2²) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 24
(x²)(x²) = x • x • x • x
= x4
If m is a positive integer and a є Real Number Set and a ≠ 0, then a × a × a × … m times is am and a × a × a ×…. n times is anand the product of am and an is
am × an = (a × a × a × … m times) (a × a × a ×…. n times)

Whole Numbers and properties

Whole Number:-

In this lesson.. let me help you through on whole number and properties.

The set of whole numbers include all positive numbers from {0,1, 2,3,4----}.It does not include any fractions and any negative numbers.

Properties of whole number:-

Properties of Addition

1. The sum of two whole numbers is a whole number.

For eg; 2 and 5 are whole number 2 + 5 = 7 ,where 7 is also a whole number. 5 and 4 are whole numbers 5 +4 =9 9m is also a whole number.

2. The sum of two whole numbers is the same irrespective of the order in which they are added.

For example: 12 + 8 = 20 and 8 + 12 =20 So 12 + 8 = 8 + 12 11 + 0 = 0 + 11 = 11

3. The sum of the whole numbers is the same though they may be added in any of the following ways.

Sample Problems on Algebra

Here we begin the practice of solving algebra problems. Problems include the questions involving algebraic equations and basic operations had to be performed to arrive at the solution. Set of solved problems are as shown below.

Question - 1

Question: Solve the following equation:
3(x-1)=8

Answer: 3(x-1)=8
3x-3=8
3x=8+3
3x=11

Question - 2

Question: Solve the following equation:

Answer:


2(3x-19)=10

3x-19 = 5
3x=5+19
3x=24

x=8

Elementary Number Theory Problems

Elementary Number Theory Problems have proofs,word problems and solutions for the equations as follows.

Question - 1

What is the value of M and N respectively? If M39048458N is divisible by 8 and 11; Where M and N are single digit integers?

(1) 7, 8
(2) 8, 6
(3) 6, 4
(4) 5, 4

Answer -

If the last three digits of a number is divisible by 8, then the number is divisible by 8 (test of divisibility by 8).

Here, last three digits 58N is divisible by 8 if N = 4. (Since 584 is divisible by 8.)

For divisibility by 11. If the digits at odd and even places of a given number are equal or differ by a number divisible by 11, then the given number is divisible by 11.

Therefore, (M+9+4+4+8)-(3+0+8+5+N)=(M+5) should be divisible by 11 => when M = 6.

Question - 2

Question:

Answer:

Introduction for pre calculus home work

Introduction for pre calculus home work:

Pre calculus, (or Algebra 3 in some areas) advanced form of secondary school algebra, is a foundational mathematical discipline. It is also called Introduction to Analysis. In many schools, pre calculus is the actually two separate courses: Algebra and Trigonometry.

Homework, or homework assignment, refers to the tasks assigned to students by their teachers to be completed mostly outside of class, and derives its name from the fact that most students do the majority of such work at home.

Examples on Pre Calculus home work -

Following is the example on Pre Calculus home work

Example :

If a triangle ABC, we have that sinA = 7/9, what are the values of cosA and tanA? Solution: We have the basic trigonometric identity:

sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

In our case, we know that sin A = 7 / 9, so we replace in the previous equation to get: cos2 A = 1-(7 / 9)2

We want to solve for cosA so we get

cos2 A = 1 − (49/81) = 32 / 81 so

we apply square root to get

cos A =sqrt (32 / 81) = 4 √2/9.

To find tan A we recall that the tan A = sin A / cos A, so using the information we already have we find that

Tan A = ( 7/9 ) / ( 4√2/9 ) = 7/ 4√2 = 7√2/8

Note on Process of Air Demand Combustion

Introduction:

We will discuss about the process of combustion. Combustion should be an exothermic chemical response, which is go with by growth of heat and light at a quick rate. Combustion is an exothermic reaction, in which a fuel burns in the presense of oxygen with evolution of heat and light. The chief elements present in most of the fuels are C and H. In addition, a trace amount of S, N are also present.

The Process of Combustion

These are the process of combustion

• The formula should be based on the following process assumptions.
• 1- Most of the fuels have C, H, S and O.
• 2- Calorific value is the sum of the calorific value of each element.

Therefore, the Dulong's formula can be written as follows:

GCV = 1/100 [8080 C + 34500 (H-O/8) + 2240 S] k cal/kg

C, H, O & S - % of C, H, O & S in the fuel.

LCV = (HCV-0.09H×587) k cal/kg

Process of Air Demand Combustion:-

To find the amount of oxygen and therefore the amount of air requisite process for the combustion of a component of a fuel, it is essential to be relevant the subsequent basic principles:

• Substances always combine in definite proportions and these proportions are determined by the combustion molecular masses of the substances process involved and the products formed. For example, when carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, the equation will be,

C + O₂ ---> CO₂ + 97k cal

indicates that mass extent of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide produced are 12:32:44 correspondingly.

• Air contains 21% of oxygen by volume, and mass percent of oxygen is 23. This means that 1 kg of oxygen process is supplied by,

1×100/23 = 4.35kg of air.

• Molecular mass of air is in use as 28.94 g/mol.

• Minimum oxygen required = Theoretical oxygen required - Oxygen present in the fuel.

• Minimum oxygen required should be calculated on the basis of complete combustion. If the combustion products contain CO and O₂ is found by subtracting the amount of O₂ required to burn CO to CO₂.

Type of Quadrant

Intordction to Quadrant

A quadrant is an instrument,if used to measure angles up to 90°. It was originally propose by Ptolemy as a better kind of astrolabe Several different variations of the instrument were later produced by medieval Muslim astronomers.

Types of Quadrant

Following are the types of Quadrant

1) . The sine quadrant also known as the Sine cal Quadrant was used for solving trigonometric problems and taking astronomical observations. It was developed by all Khwarizmi in 9th century Baghdad and prevalent until the nineteenth century. Its defining feature is a graph paper like grade if one side that is divided into sixty equal intervals on each axis and is also bounded by a 90 degree graduated arc. A cord was attached to the apex of the quadrant with in bead at the end of it to act as a plumb bob. They were also sometimes drawn on the back of astrolabes.

2). The universal quadrant used for solving astronomical problems for any latitude. These quadrants had either one or two sets of Shakespeare grids and were developed in the fourteenth century in Syria. Some astrolabes are all so printed on the back with the universal quadrant like an astrolabe created by IbnalSarrāj.

3). The hoary quadrant used for finding the time with the sun. The hoary quadrant to be find the time is either equaled or unequal a hours. Different sets of markings were created for either equal or unequal hours. For measuring the time in equal hours, the hoary quadrant could only be used for one specific latitude while a quadrant for unequal hours could be used anywhere based on an approximate formula. One edge of the quadrant had to be aligned with the sun and one aligned, a bead on the end of a plumb line attached to the center of the quadrant showed the time of the day.

4). The astrolabe alimentary quadrant a quadrant developed to the astrolabe. This quadrant make with a one half of a typical astrolabe plate. if astrolabe plates are symmetrical. A cord attached from the center of the quadrant with a bead at the other end was moved to represent the position of a celestial body . The ecliptic and star positions were make on the quadrant for the above. It is not known where and when the astrolabe quadrant was invented,if existent astrolabe quadrants are either of Ottoman or Mameluke origin, while there have been discovered twelfth century Egyptian and fourteenth century Syrian treatises on the astrolabe quadrant. These quadrants proved to be very popular alternative of astrolabes.